HIV

HIV

HIV is most commonly transmitted through:

• Unprotected Sexual Contact:

  • Engaging in vaginal, anal, or oral sex without the use of condoms or other barrier methods can transmit HIV, especially if one partner is infected and the virus enters the bloodstream or mucous membranes.

• Sharing Needles:

  • Sharing needles or other drug paraphernalia with an HIV-infected person can transmit the virus through contact with contaminated blood.

• Mother-to-Child Transmission:

  • An HIV-positive mother can transmit the virus to the child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. However, with proper medical care and interventions, the risk of transmission from mother to child can be significantly reduced.

It is important to note that HIV cannot be transmitted through casual contact, such as hugging, shaking hands, or sharing food or drinks.

Transmission

Symptoms

Diagnosis & Treatment

Prevention strategies play a crucial role in reducing the transmission of HIV:

• Safe Sexual Practices:

  • Consistent and correct use of condoms during sexual activity can significantly reduce the risk of HIV transmission. It is also important to communicate openly with sexual partners about HIV status and consider pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for individuals at high risk of acquiring HIV.

• Needle and Syringe Programs:

  • People who inject drugs should use sterile needles and syringes and have access to harm reduction services, including needle exchange programs.

• Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission:

  • Pregnant people with HIV should receive appropriate medical care, including antiretroviral medications, to prevent transmission to their babies.

• Testing and Counselling:

  • Regular HIV testing is essential, particularly for individuals engaging in high-risk behaviours. Testing can help identify infections early and provide access to appropriate care and prevention services.

BY: VAGINAL HEALTH

UPDATED: 13/10/2023

HIV is a viral infection that attacks the immune system, specifically targeting CD4 cells (a type of white blood cell) that play a crucial role in defending the body against infections and diseases. If left untreated, HIV can progress to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), a condition in which the immune system becomes severely compromised. HIV is primarily transmitted through certain body fluids, such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk.

HIV infection is diagnosed through specific blood tests that detect the presence of antibodies or the virus itself. Early detection and timely initiation of treatment are crucial for managing HIV and preventing progression to AIDS.

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the primary treatment for HIV. ART involves a combination of medications that work together to suppress the virus, slow down its replication, and preserve the immune system. With effective ART, people living with HIV can lead long, healthy lives and significantly reduce the risk of transmitting the virus to others.

It is important to seek advice from healthcare professionals, HIV specialists, or specialized clinics for accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment, ongoing care, and support for living with HIV. Additionally, community organizations and support groups can provide valuable resources and assistance for individuals affected by HIV.

Prevention

Many people infected with HIV may not experience any symptoms initially or may have mild, flu-like symptoms that can be easily overlooked. However, some common early symptoms of HIV infection, often referred to as acute HIV infection, may include:

• Fever

• Fatigue

• Sore throat

• Rash

• Headache

• Muscle and joint pain

• Swollen lymph nodes

These symptoms can occur within 2 to 4 weeks after infection and typically resolve within a few weeks. After this acute phase, HIV may not cause any noticeable symptoms for a prolonged period, often lasting years. However, the virus continues to replicate and gradually weakens the immune system.

Safe Sex . Sexually Transmitted Infections